National Urbanisation Policy

Abstract

The proceedings of the 1975 Expert Group meeting on the National Urbanisation Policy highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive and coordinated approach to managing India’s rapidly growing urban population and addressing the challenges arising from unplanned urban expansion. The discussions emphasise that urbanisation is an integral part of economic development, driven by industrialisation and shifting occupational patterns, but in developing countries like India, it has led to issues such as unemployment, housing shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and environmental degradation due to excessive rural-to-urban migration. The document underscores the importance of balancing rural and urban development through agricultural modernisation, promotion of small-scale and agro-based industries, and the creation of growth centres to reduce pressure on large cities. It also draws attention to regional disparities, uneven urban growth, and the need to uplift backward areas while ensuring equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. The policy framework calls for effective land use regulation, housing expansion, infrastructure development, and institutional strengthening of local bodies, along with innovative financing mechanisms. Additionally, it stresses environmental considerations, planned human settlements, and legislative measures such as urban land ceilings to ensure sustainable and equitable urban growth. Overall, the proceedings aim to guide the formulation of a national policy that fosters orderly, balanced, and inclusive urbanisation in India.